064

Uncertainty

Narrow the place and the momentum spreads. The product of the two never falls below ħ/2.

Field

Detail

Study

064

Chapter

Quantum basics

Equation

Δx Δp ≥ ħ/2

What moves

the range of momenta; the width of the packet

Structure

Film

Colour means

blue, the momentum components; white, their sum; cyan, position; violet, momentum

Cover still of the study

One light appears in the dark, then many. Each dot is one result from the same prepared state, and together they form a cloud.

A single momentum component is a wave with no definite position. Blue lines are momentum components, set in depth by their momentum; the white line is their sum. A narrow range of momenta leaves a broad packet, and a wider range makes it narrower.

Particles prepared in the same state are measured once each, for position or for momentum, and two hills fill with results. Pin one down and the other spreads. The product of the two spreads never falls below ħ/2, and a better instrument does not change it.

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063

Born rule

Each study takes one equation and lets the computed result move.